War Theory Reasons

War Theory Reasons History has seen wars come and go. For centuries, civilizations have had the constant need to dominate those beneath them. Man’s happiness is measured by what he has, but he is never satisfied by what has. The greatest imperfection of the humans is the thirst for power (Junger, 2011). This statement perhaps defines why countries are in constant wars with each other.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on War Theory Reasons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The twentieth century saw its fair share of wars. Hitler’s ambition in world war two was to conquer the whole of Europe. The best political minds always have war as their end game. The key to understanding why nation-states go to war may lie in the politics of anarchy. Democratic states display reluctance to destabilize that condition by going to war (Nozick 1971). The theory of security dilemma perhaps best brings out the situation of war visvis anarchy. The theory underlines the fact that, a country’s strength or weakness may lead to agitations in others and or aggression from other countries. Territories seem smaller as aggressors find new ways of warfare, which include economic wars. Super powers will fuel wars as longs as they get ahead economically. Guns are no longer the only weapons for battles; economic mind games also integrated into the system of anarchy. The losers are always the weak states who are at the mercy of super power; depending on them for economic support. Countries with the same interests and goals are bound to keep checks on each other. If the United States of America feels the need of protecting its territory by accumulating nuclear weapons; its competitors like Russia and China will be obligated to do the same to match any aggression that may come from the US. This phenomenon, ultimately defines the spiral model. Therefore, a country’s desire to be powerful even when it has no intension of aggres sion; causes security threats to others. States constantly exist in a context of souring political relations as a result of international anarchy. As the strong nations secure their territories, the weak countries prepare for the eventuality of war. The security dilemma is predisposed by two variables; the offense and defense realisms. The defense realism views states as security maximizers that avoid participation in wars, so that their securities are not threatened. This was the case for the US in the First World War.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Offensive realism on the other hand, preys on the fact that; weaker states are in constant fear of the strong nations. The strong nations have a predatory nature as they are constantly hungry for power. These variables work best to support the spiral model. Taking a historical example, Israel has been for a long t ime in conflict with Palestine. The conflict dates back to the 1800s when a group of Jewish extremists called the Zionists, wanted to colonize and convert the Palestine to a Jewish land. Palestine was a multicultural land with a majority of the population being Muslim. Small fractions represented the Christians and the Jews. Hitler’s persecution of the Jews saw an increased immigration into Palestine. The situation worsened when in 1947, the UN awarded more than half of the land to Israel. While the Palestinians want to have their own separate Muslim state, the Israelis want it as a part of their country. There exist border issues, curtailed Palestinian movement within their own land, security of Palestine occupants and the issue of who gets to control Jerusalem. This is a battle of supremacy that has a substantial stake for each of the two parties. This conflict still persists even as the international community keeps a watchful eye. At the moment Israel seems to be in contr ol over the Palestinians; as many of them are captured and detained in the Jewish prisons. Israel has military capabilities of any superior states like the US. Palestine on the other hand, struggles to raise an army that is ill-equipped. It lacks the necessities to actively defend itself from Israel. Moreover, civil wars and poor leadership inhibit any efforts to fight the Israeli. Talks to secure a peace deal are constantly declined by both parties, even though more innocent civilians are losing their lives each day. Wars take precedent in this anarchical system as diplomatic negotiations become mirages that never seem to come true. While the UN and other countries try to forge a peace deal, key issues are not addressed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on War Theory Reasons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, no one is asking the Israelis to stop constructions of settlements in Palestine (Gelvin, 2007). The reason being, Israel is a major ally to the US and therefore the US feels obligated not to interfere; but only offer shadow diplomacy. This is a key element as super powers always gang up to oppress the weaker states; offering sanctions as threats if they do not get their wishes. This historical example is in line with the hypothesis; that war is necessitated by anarchy. Even with the presence of international bodies like UN and other regional bodies like the EU; the super powers continue dictating the rule to the weaker states. There is no fairness in the distribution of power. The UN might be an international body that is supposed to be impartial; but it is a tool used by the super powers to intimidate the weak states. The composition of the Security Council is made in a way that only the super powers have permanent seats. This means that they dictate the terms. Wars will never end; they are simply means to an end. Super powers seem to be investing in war, as they strive to come up with new technologies to improve warfare. It would seem hypocritical, when super powers accumulate weapons of mass destruction; while on the other hand barring other countries from doing the same (Harms, 2005). The arms race might be over on the surface, but deep down into the mountains; there are top secret military experiments going on. The Israel-Palestine conflict can only be resolved if military action is taken off the take and both parties are willing to have diplomatic compromises. Policies should lean towards diplomatic options. The international community should not be watching as thousands of people are denied freedom and hundreds of others lose their lives over wars they know nothing about. Future leaders should not use war as a platform for coming into power. It is not who fights the best war but who keeps the best peace that matters. The stability of the weaker states largely depends on the ability of the supers to maintain the status quo of peace. Freedoms of all me n, women and children should be equal for all regardless of where one may come from. Works cited Gelvin, James. The Israel-Palestine conflict: One Hundred Years of War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. PrintAdvertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Harms, Gregory. The Palestine-Israel conflict: A basic introduction. London: Pluto Press, 2005. Print. Junger, Sebastian. War. New York: Twelve Hachette Book Group, 2011. Print. Nozick, Robert. Anarchy, State and Utopia. New Jersey: Harvard University Press, 1971. Print.

English-German Food and Drink Glossary

English-German Food and Drink Glossary An Annotated Glossary forDining, Food and DrinkWith Eating Phrasebook KEY: Noun genders:  r  (der,  masc.),  e  (die,  fem.),  s  (das,  neu.)Plural form/ending  in parentheses:  e Vorspeise  (-n) appetizer(s)Abbreviations:  adj  (adjective),  adv  (adverb),  n  (noun),  pl  (plural),  v  (verb) A A A alcohol  r Alkoholalcoholic, containing alcohol  adj  alkoholischnon-alcoholic  adj  alkoholfrei almond  e Mandel  (-n) appetizer  e Vorspeise  (-n) apple  r Apfel  (Äpfel) apple cake  r Apfelkuchenapple cider  r Apfelsaft(hard) apple cider  r Apfelmostapple spritzer  e Apfelsaftschorle  (apple juice or cider mixed with sparkling mineral water; the standard  Schorle  found in southwest Germany is made with wine)applesauce  r Apfelmusapple strudel  r Apfelstrudelapple turnover, apple pie  e Apfeltascheapple wine  r ApfelweinCalled  Ebbelwei  or  Eppelwoi  in the local dialect, this fermented cider drink is a specialty of the Frankfurt am Main area. apricot  e Aprikose  (-n)apricot  e Marille  (-n)  in Austria, Bavaria artichoke  e Artischocke  (-n) asparagus  r Spargel  (-)asparagus soup  e Spargelsuppe  (-n) aubergine, eggplant  e Aubergine B B B bacon  r Speckbacon and eggs  Eier mit Speck bake, roast  v  backen,  bratenbaked, roasted  adj  gebacken,  gebratenbaked apples  Bratpfel  plbaked potato  e Folienkartoffel,  gebackene Pellkartoffelfried sausage  e Bratwurstroasted chicken  s Backhendelbaking soda, baking powder  s Backpulver banana  e Banane  (-n) bar, pub  e Bar  (-s),  e Kneipe  (-n) barbecue, BBQ (cooking)  n  s Grillenbarbecue, BBQ (get-together)  n  s Grillfest,  e Grillpartybarbecue, BBQ (meat)  n  s Grillfleischbarbecue, BBQ  v  grillen,  am Spiess bratenbarbecue grill  n  r Grill basil (seasoning)  s Basilikum bean  e Bohne  (-n)green beans  grà ¼ne Bohnenkidney beans  rote Bohnenstring beans  weiße Bohnenbean coffee, real coffee  r Bohnenkaffee beef  s Rindfleischbeef  Rind- beef (in compounds) beer  s Bier  (-e)bottled beer  s Flaschenbier(a) dark beer  ein Dunklesdraft/draught beer  s Fassbier,  s Bier vom Fass(a) lager/light beer  ein Helleswheat beer  s Weizenbier bill, check  e Rechnung  (-en)Check, please!  Zahlen, bitte! bitters  r Magenbitter blackberry  e Brombeere  (-n) Black Forest cherry cake  e Schwarzwlderkirschtorte  (made with  Kirschwasser) blueberry  e Blaubeere  (-n) bock beer  s Bockbier bockwurst (sausage)  e Bockwurst boil  v  kochenboiled  adj  gekochta soft-boiled egg  ein weich gekochtes Eiboiled (adj.)  blau  (in salt and vinegar, usually fish) bottle  e Flasche  (-n)a bottle of wine  eine Flasche Weinbottled water  s Mineralwasser,  s Wasser aus der Flasche bouillon, broth  e (klare) Fleischbrà ¼he,  e Bouillonbouillon cube  r Brà ¼hwà ¼rfel bowl  e Schale  (-n),  e Schà ¼ssel  (-) brandy  r Weinbrand,  r Brandy bread  s Brot  (-e)There are over 200 kinds of German breadbread roll  s Brà ¶tchen  (-),  e Semmel  (-n) breaded veal cutlet  s Wiener Schnitzel  (-) breakfast  s Frà ¼hstà ¼ckeat/have breakfast  frà ¼hstà ¼cken broccoli  Brokkoli  pl broil  v  grillen butter  e Butter

Globalisation and the State - Discuss Literature review

Globalisation and the State - Discuss - Literature review Example This term provides, in a nut shell, the idea of capitalist globalisation. The transnational capitalist class consists of four segments. These are the owners and affiliates of the transnational corporations that control the business objectives and activities of these corporations; politicians and bureaucrats from different nations; professionals working globally in different sectors and finally the consumerist elite class consisting of rich merchants and media professionals (Sklair, 2001). The transnational capital has become an important part of the capital endowment of the world. Different classes in the Marxist understanding refer to the divisions among workers all over the world on the basis of the relation they have with the social production function (Fouskas and Gokay, 2012). The translational capitalist class has no national boundaries and they are forerunners of the modern spree of globalization. This new bourgeoisie class is recognised as the capitalist class and they repres ent the transnational capital. ... However, recently, the concept of sustainable development has evolved and companies are now concerned about the sustainability of their business activities (Robinson, 2003). Great depression of 2008: Capitalism Perspective Various economists and researchers have studied the phenomenon of the global depression which was a consequence of the large scale financial crisis that occurred during 2007-2008. The global depression of the 2008 has been viewed by many scholars under the light of the global capitalist theory (Krugman, 2009). The rise of the transnational capital and transnational capitalist class has led to the emergence of a â€Å"globally integrated production and financial system† (Robinson, 2012). According to the reports published by commentators of events of economic and political significance in the world, the crisis has its roots in the sub-prime loan fiasco in the United States that had surfaced in mid-2007 (Jones, 2004). It has been emphasised that the financial debacle had been taking its shape for a long period of time even before it came to public notice in mid-2007. The overall global recession followed inevitably and remained effective over the next year. The original cause of the crisis lies deep in Marxist understanding. It can be stated with evidence that the crisis situation was a result of contradictions of state power and over-accumulation. Capitalism strives and progresses by the means of capital accumulation. However, over accumulation of capital restricts the direct productive involvement of human capital in the process of the production. Due to over accumulation, the economic system cannot expand. Marginalization of a considerably high portion of the working population from direct productive participation and downward pressure on wages

HAT SIZE AND INTELLIGENCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HAT SIZE AND INTELLIGENCE - Essay Example While Gardner has already proven that man have different capacities for processing information, schools today continue to focus on language and locigal-mathematics as a measure of a child’s scholastic success. However, for the purpose of clarity, these capabilities which can be measured through mental test questions are now referred to as psychometric intelligences. Other intelligences mentioned by Gardner include capacities in music, visual-spatial conceptualization, bodily-kinesthetic skills, knowledge of other persons, knowledge of ourselves (Gardner, 1983: 48). Hat Sizes, Brain Sizes and Intelligence Over the years, new studies attempting to discover the origin of intelligences of have been launched, but despite these researches, our knowledge of the topic is still incomplete. From the beginning, however, intelligence has been related with the brain. In the 1500s, Greek and Roman philosophers thought that the more efficient brain had â€Å"the right amount of the four hum ours, blood, phlegm, and black and yellow bile† (Deary, 2001: Chapter 3). In the 19th century as technology started developing, scientists have focused on one factor to determine a person’s intelligence: the size of the brain. ... The idea of using hat sizes to measure brain size (hence, a person’s intelligence) came from Paul Broca who said, â€Å"the brain is larger in mature adults than in the elderly, in men than that in women, in eminent men than in men of mediocre talent†¦ Other things equal, there is a remarkable relationship between the development of intelligence and the volume of brain† (as quoted in Gould, 1996: 33). While there have been researches that corroborated Broca’s claim, several studies have tried to disprove the connection between hat size and intelligence. In 1925, Popular Science published the article Why You May Wear a Small Hat and Still Have a Big Mind (Grahame) which attempted to compare hat sizes of famous men like President James A. Garfield, Theodore Roosevelt, etc. to those of the common American. Through the simple comparison, the article concluded that there is no connection between the hat size (hence, the size of the brain) and intelligence. To quo te, â€Å"There seems to be a closer connection between the size of a man’s body and the size of his brain than there is between the size of his brain and the power of his mind† (Grahame, 1925: 16). While Arthur Grahame’s article has shown early on that a person’s hat size cannot be used to measure his intellect, his claims were not readily accepted because he did not use statistical analysis to prove his point. H.T. Epstein utilized data on the head circumferences of white Bostonians and their vocational status to show that there is no correlation between these two variables. Research Goal, Problem Statement and Hypothesis The main research question for this paper is: Does a person’s head circumference determines his

Racism and Sexism in the Bluest Eye Essay -- American Literature Toni

Toni Morrison, the author of The Bluest Eye, centers her novel around two things: beauty and wealth in their relation to race and a brutal rape of a young girl by her father. Morrison explores and exposes these themes in relation to the underlying factors of black society: racism and sexism. Every character has a problem to deal with and it involves racism and/or sexism. Whether the characters are the victim or the aggressor, they can do nothing about their problem or condition, especially when concerning gender and race. Morrison's characters are clearly at the mercy of preconceived notions maintained by society. Because of these preconceived notions, the racism found in The Bluest Eye is not whites against blacks. Morrison writes about the racism of lighter colored blacks against darker colored blacks and rich blacks against poor blacks. Along with racism within the black community, sexism is exemplified both against women and against men. As Morrison investigates the racism and se xism of the community of Lorain, Ohio, she gives the reader more perspective as to why certain characters do or say certain things. Morrison provides the reader with a light-skinned black character whose racist attitudes affect the poorer, darker blacks in the community, especially the main characters, Claudia MacTeer and Pecola Breedlove. Maureen Peal comes from a rich black family and triggers admiration along with envy in every child at school, including Claudia. Although Maureen is light-skinned, she embodies everything that is considered "white," at least by Claudia's standards: "Patent leather shoes with buckles...fluffy sweaters the color of lemon drops tucked into skirts with pleats... brightly colored knee socks with white borders, a brown ... ...m or desert him. It should be understood that Morrison's novel is filled with many characters and many examples of racism and sexism and the foundations for such beliefs in the black community. Every character is the victim or an aggressor of racism of sexism in all its forms. Morrison succeeds in shedding light on the racism and sexism the black community had to endure on top of racism and sexism outside of the community. She shows that racism and sexism affect everyone's preconceived notions regarding race and gender and how powerful and prevalent the notions are. Within the community, racism affects how people's views of beauty and skin can be skewed by other's racist thoughts; sexism shapes everyone in the community's reactions to different forms of rape. Works Cited Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. Afterward by Toni Morrison. New York: Penguin, 2004.

J.B Priestly trying to say about society Essay

My task is to explain what J. B Priestly is trying to say about the Capitalist society of 1912. The play is written in 1945 after WWII and set in 1912 before WWII. This is why there is dramatic irony. To do the above task I will have to look at each characters role, what part of the society they represent and whither they learn or don’t learn from their mistakes. In an Inspector Calls the effects of an individuals actions over a passage of time are shown. The audience and, to a certain extent the characters in this play are shown possible projections of their actions which contrast poignantly with their present conditions. Another major theme, which is that of responsibility, both individual and collective, for those actions and their consequences. The plays progression is that of ignorance to knowledge, not only for the audience but also for the characters themselves. Priestly observes the classical unites of time, place and action in his structure: the time span of the play in performance corresponds with the actual time the events presented would take unfold in real time. The style of the play seems at first glance to be that of a straightforward, detective thriller: after the natures of the Birlings Family and their guest Gerald Croft are established, the Inspector arrives with the news of the death by suicide of Eva Smith. As the involvement of each of the members of the family is progressively established, the structure becomes that of a whodunit with the Inspector apparently slowly unravelling the history of Eva Smith. Priestly heightens the audiences suspense by his skilful use of climaxes within the carefully controlled plot and by ensuring the audience is left on tenterhooks at the conclusion of each act. As the involvement of each member of the family becomes clear, and as the inspectors apparent omniscience drives each of them to confession, the play reveals its second stylistic model, that of the morality of the play. The original morality plays, of the late Middle Ages tended to instruct their audiences about the condition of man, caught between the religions need for goodness and the temptations of evil. Priestly in a more modern, secular manner, seems similarly concerned to affect his audience. While it is possible to see each of the Birlings as guilty to various degrees of the seven deadly sins: pride, sloth, gluttony, envy, covetousness, lust and anger, which would have ensured damnation for an earlier, medieval audience of morality of plays. His modern audience, more than familiar with the effects and privations of war, would have been equally receptive to the modern moral, which he intended them to take from the play.

Short Story - 956 Words

Neither Living Nor Deceased It was midnight; I lay awake unable to sleep, thoughts swirling through my mind. Like a crack of a whip I was jolted back into reality by a loud chorus of screams echoing though the silence of the night. I peered out of my window but only saw the moon resting in the jet-black sky. As, I slipped back into my cosy bed I could still hear more screams. I lay as still as a log, scared stiff for what felt like an eternity. Suddenly, I heard our front door creak open, my dog barking to warn us of the intruder. Someone was downstairs and was now climbing up the stairs to what sounded like my parents’ bedroom. I was paralysed with fear unable to move. An ear-piercing scream followed by the sound of ripping and crunching†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mum? Dad? Lucy?† I asked, my voice shaking. They growled in response. Soon, all I remember was my family lunging at my small innocent body. I cried out as they tackled me to the floor. I tried with all my might to grab something while lying on the floor about to be ripped to pieces by my family members who were now turned into zombies. I couldn’t reach anything as I was held down by my mum’s and sister’s surprisingly heavy frames. Their teeth snapping just millimetres away from my face. Finally, I managed to grab hold of a lamp placed on a small white table in the hallway. To defend myself, I flung the lamp and it shattered on my mother and sister’s head, the force throwing them off my battered body. I swiftly stood up and realised my mother and Lucy were lying motionless on the floor, blood seeping out of their head. They weren’t breathing. I started crying hysterically, I just killed my own mother and sister! Oh, my loving, beautiful and caring mother and sister gone! Frantically I remembered my dad was still alive and was raging furiously in preparation to kill me. I managed to rush downstairs into what use to be the living room but then realized how bad my situation truly was. The whole room was full of infected individual zombies, hissing and howling, desperate for a bite of human flesh. I stood there, unable to peel my eyes away from their ghastly towering features. I had never seen something so awful, so ugly and soShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. 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And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. 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